YourJobs AI Vulnerability Index

A 0–100 composite score per U.S. occupation estimating short-term AI exposure. Higher scores mean more of the role's tasks are likely to be reshaped or replaced by current-generation AI within 5 years. The index synthesises three published studies — see methodology for the formula, sources, and limitations.

How to read this index

Each row is a US Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) detailed occupation. The AI Score column is the headline number — a 0-100 composite where higher means more exposed. The Band column groups scores into four interpretive tiers (Low 0-25, Moderate 26-50, High 51-75, Very High 76-100). Median wage, US employment, and projected growth come from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The On YourJobs column shows the count of currently active vacancies in our index for that occupation. Sort any column by clicking the header. The score is not a forecast of which jobs will be lost — it is a measurement of how much of the work could currently be done by AI given access.

Top 10 most AI-exposed occupations

The ten US occupations with the highest composite AI Vulnerability scores. These are roles where current-generation AI can already perform a substantial share of the typical task mix.

  1. Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks — score 80 (Very High), median wage $47,440.
  2. Customer Service Representatives — score 78 (High), median wage $39,680.
  3. Cashiers — score 71 (High), median wage $29,720.
  4. Secretaries and Administrative Assistants — score 68 (High), median wage $46,010.
  5. Office Clerks, General — score 65 (High), median wage $41,450.
  6. Software Developers — score 56 (Moderate), median wage $132,270.
  7. Light Truck Drivers — score 52 (Moderate), median wage $41,760.
  8. Packaging and Filling Machine Operators — score 51 (Moderate), median wage $37,960.
  9. Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers — score 47 (Moderate), median wage $54,320.
  10. Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators — score 44 (Moderate), median wage $41,320.

Top 10 most AI-resilient occupations

The ten US occupations with the lowest composite AI Vulnerability scores. These are roles dominated by physical interaction, accountable judgement under uncertainty, or interpersonal trust — domains where current AI capabilities fall short.

  1. Home Health and Personal Care Aides — score 9 (Low), median wage $30,180.
  2. Physical Therapists — score 12 (Low), median wage $99,710.
  3. Occupational Therapists — score 14 (Low), median wage $96,370.
  4. Veterinarians — score 16 (Low), median wage $119,100.
  5. Speech-Language Pathologists — score 16 (Low), median wage $89,290.
  6. Nursing Assistants — score 17 (Low), median wage $38,130.
  7. Registered Nurses — score 18 (Low), median wage $86,070.
  8. Respiratory Therapists — score 19 (Low), median wage $77,960.
  9. Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics — score 21 (Low), median wage $57,300.
  10. Surgical Technologists — score 21 (Low), median wage $60,610.

Score distribution

Across the 35 US occupations covered, the bands distribute as follows:

  • Low: 18 occupations
  • Moderate: 12 occupations
  • High: 4 occupations
  • Very High: 1 occupation

Full ranking table

Click any column header to sort. Click an occupation name to see live US vacancies for that role.

Occupation SOC Group AI Score Band Median Wage U.S. Employment Growth to 2032 On YourJobs
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks Office and Admin 80 Very High $47,440 1,539,290 -6% 1
Customer Service Representatives Office and Admin 78 High $39,680 2,858,710 -5% 10,362
Cashiers Sales and Retail 71 High $29,720 3,306,960 -10% 3,091
Secretaries and Administrative Assistants Office and Admin 68 High $46,010 1,969,590 -10% 2,118
Office Clerks, General Office and Admin 65 High $41,450 2,480,950 -4% 2
Software Developers Computer and IT 56 Moderate $132,270 1,656,880 +25% 624
Light Truck Drivers Transportation and Logistics 52 Moderate $41,760 1,083,070 +5% 4,698
Packaging and Filling Machine Operators Manufacturing 51 Moderate $37,960 384,180 -1% 153
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers Transportation and Logistics 47 Moderate $54,320 2,126,230 +4% 14,546
Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators Transportation and Logistics 44 Moderate $41,320 776,150 +1% 1,727
Assemblers and Fabricators Manufacturing 43 Moderate $39,610 1,690,840 -5% 2,107
Retail Salespersons Sales and Retail 39 Moderate $30,600 3,676,980 -2% 11,641
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers Transportation and Logistics 38 Moderate $37,660 2,965,970 +4% 2,449
Machinists Manufacturing 36 Moderate $50,180 386,890 -1% 2,400
Mechanical Engineers Architecture and Engineering 35 Moderate $99,510 282,080 +10% 33
Waiters and Waitresses Food and Hospitality 32 Moderate $31,940 2,237,310 -3% 17
Medical Assistants Healthcare Support 31 Moderate $42,000 743,500 +14% 1,697
Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers Manufacturing 28 Low $48,940 431,490 +2% 1,824
Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists Maintenance and Repair 25 Low $58,970 280,480 +3% 48
Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers Management 25 Low $83,770 1,018,570 -4% 10
Radiologic Technologists Healthcare 24 Low $73,410 219,200 +6% 13
First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers Sales and Retail 24 Low $47,940 1,187,650 0% 3,346
Cooks, Restaurant Food and Hospitality 24 Low $35,780 1,432,050 +18% 78
Physician Assistants Healthcare 22 Low $130,020 148,580 +27% 33
Veterinary Technologists and Technicians Healthcare 22 Low $38,240 122,120 +21% 162
Surgical Technologists Healthcare 21 Low $60,610 110,160 +5% 23
Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics Maintenance and Repair 21 Low $57,300 423,200 +6% 244
Respiratory Therapists Healthcare 19 Low $77,960 132,190 +13% 459
Registered Nurses Healthcare 18 Low $86,070 3,175,390 +6% 12,006
Nursing Assistants Healthcare Support 17 Low $38,130 1,369,190 +4% 1,767
Speech-Language Pathologists Healthcare 16 Low $89,290 168,190 +19% 588
Veterinarians Healthcare 16 Low $119,100 76,420 +20% 138
Occupational Therapists Healthcare 14 Low $96,370 138,700 +11% 2,167
Physical Therapists Healthcare 12 Low $99,710 250,250 +14% 2,011
Home Health and Personal Care Aides Healthcare Support 9 Low $30,180 3,470,080 +22% 4,220

How often is this updated?

The composite scores are reviewed annually. Component weights and source data are revisited each January as new releases of the source studies become available. Active vacancy counts in the rightmost column refresh daily from our partner job feeds. The next planned methodology refresh incorporates the OpenAI/Penn 2026 update and the latest Anthropic Economic Index release.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS 2023, Employment Projections; composite from Frey & Osborne (2013), OpenAI/Penn (2023), Anthropic Economic Index (2024). Last updated: .